Alphabet

Questions

Add a question mark and change the tone.

Pronouns

There are six pronouns, called « wonsu ». These pronouns also serve as possessive pronouns.

Pronouns can be omitted if implied, and are constantly omitted when they are impersonal. A pronoun must necessarily refer to something or someone.

Concepts

In Wanicæ, words are formed from concepts, called « lænsu ». Based on these concepts, certain generic particles called « ynsu » can be added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning or function.

For example, the concept « œqan » means « writing ». If we add the verbal particle « is- », the word becomes « isœqan » and now means « to write ».

If the noun begins with a consonant, the final consonant of the particle is omitted.

While this is a general rule, some words are not formed from concepts.

Cases

Names are inflected according to grammatical case. A simple ending is needed to express the case.

Nominative : « Ænœqan ca isœqan. » − The writer writes. Accusative : « Ænœqan ca isœqan tevefiv. » − The writer writes a book. Dative : « Ænœqan ca isœqan hevcanfiv tevefo. » − The writer writes characters in the book. Genitive : « Teve ænœqanhen. » − The book of the writer. Locative : « Ænœqan ca isœqan œlaran. » − The writer writes at home. Temporal : « Ænœqan cœ isœqan avcawi. » − The writer will write tomorrow. Durative : « Ænœqan cœ isœqan avcawi wuqowœ. » − The writer will write tomorrow for an hour. Terminative : « Ænœqan ca isœqan avcawyn. » − The writer writes until tomorrow. Ablative : « Ænœqan ca isœqan wuqowen. » − The writer has been writing for an hour. Instrumental : « Ænœqan ca isœqan quncæ. » − The writer writes with a pencil. Comparative : « Ænœqan ca isœqan avhofiv wytonœ. » − Writers write better than ordinary people. Essive : « Hæn ca isœqan avhofiv ænœqansu. » − As a writer, they write better. Topical : « Tevesen, hæn la isœqan. » − Regarding this book, they wrote it.

Extra locative cases.

Adessive : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnræ. » − The pencil is on the box. Subessive : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnru. » − The pencil is under the box. Inessive : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnro. » − The pencil is in the box. Elative : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnri. » − The pencil is outside the box. Interlative : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnre. » − The pencil is between the boxes. Lateral : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnrœ. » − The pencil is next to the box. Lateral (r) : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnrœn. » − The pencil is on the right of the box. Lateral (l) : « Teve ca ihæfa acifœnrœv. » − The pencil is on the left of the box.

Tenses

Tenses are expressed using « asu », a mandatory word that comes before the verb (sunsu). Asu consists of a mandatory first syllable, which indicates the tense and aspect, and can be supplemented by one or more additional syllables that add nuance.

The mandatory first syllable consists of two letters, the first indicating the aspect and the second indicating the tense.

Unstarted present : « Hon ta isœqan » − I am not writing. On-going present : « Hon ca isœqan » − I am writing. Ended present : « Hon la isœqan » − I have finished writing. Unstarted past : « Hon ti isœqan » − I was not writing. On-going past : « Hon ci isœqan » − I was writing. Ended past : « Hon li isœqan » − I had finished writing. Unstarted future : « Hon tœ isœqan » − I will not be writing. On-going future : « Hon cœ isœqan » − I will be writing. Ended future : « Hon lœ isœqan » − I will have finished writing.

It is possible to attach particles of nuance to this asu.

« Hon ca isœqan. » − I am writing. « Hon caqy isœqan. » − I am not writing. « Hon cavæ isœqan, … . » − If I was writing, … . « Hon cana isœqan. » − I want to write. « Hon cany isœqan. » − I don’t want to write. « Hon caqyna isœqan. » − I want to not write. « Hon cawa isœqan. » − I have to write. « Hon cava isœqan. » − I endeavor to write. (Mobilizing resources for action)

The nuance of negation combined with a positive nuance is more strongly negative than its simple negative equivalent.

The nuance « ny » expresses not wanting something, implying that the thing in question is not bothersome, but simply not expressly desired. Whereas « qyna » expresses wanting not to want something, emphasising the annoyance that possession of the thing in question would cause.